怎么找英文论文

❶ 关于如何搜索英文文献 Review article 一类的文章呢

1、在复 Ei Compendex 和INSPEC数据库中，把“文制献处理类型”（Treatment type）限定在“General review”或“Litereture review”，检索出来的都是综述性的文章。

拓展资料：

英语论文的写作，主要用于参加国际学术研讨会，促进中外学术文化交流；在国际学术刊物上发表，在国际上共享科研成果，英语论文也是达到学术交流的目的；另外英语论文还包括英语相关专业人员必要地用英语撰写学术报告或毕业论文等等。不同的学科或专业领域、不同的刊物对英语论文的内容、格式等有不同的要求，不同领域的研究论文在文体和语言特点上既有许多共性，也不乏各自特点。

❷ 英文文献怎么找

1）图书馆
包括高校的图书馆、科研单位的图书馆、地方图书馆（如版：国家图书馆、上海图书馆）
图书馆一般权购买了大量的期刊论文数据库，供内部人员免费使用。 有中文为主的万方、维普，有外文的ProQuest、Springer等。
注1：图书馆一般都提供文献代检服务，不过可能要收取一定费用。 注2：通过IP代理的方式可以访问某些数据库，不过是非法的。

2）利用搜索引擎
一般来说，英文的用Google来搜索要好一点，因为它收录了大量国外的网站。
而网络主要针对国内的，如果你的话题是特别中国化的，那么网络也是不错的选择。
由于正式文档一般都采用pdf，要搜索pdf文档，只需在关键词后，加个filetype:pdf即可
除了以网页模式之外，还可以在Google学术里或是网络文档里搜索，二者互为补充。
3）向论文作者或网友求助
直接给论文作者发电子邮件，还是有一定机会得到回复的。 另外，有些作者会把自己的论文放在个人网站上。
至于网络求助，可以进入高校的论坛或者一些学术网站

❸ 怎么在网上找英文文献

可以用googel reader浏览器

❹ 如何查找毕业论文的相关英文文献

搜索英文文献的方法：

1、进入大型的期刊论文数据库里检索；

2、搜索引擎更回适合搜索普通的英文资料和论答文检索入口。检索途径：

1）图书馆包括高校的图书馆、科研单位的图书馆、地方图书馆（如：国家图书馆、上海图书馆）图书馆一般购买了大量的期刊论文数据库，供内部人员免费使用。有中文为主的万方、维普，有外文的ProQuest、Springer等。

2）利用在线期刊、论文数据库国内的有：中国知网、国家科技图书文献中心、万方数据或国外的网站。

(4)怎么找英文论文扩展阅读：

毕业论文的相关英文文献要求

论文基本规范：

一，要求 

1，论文题目：要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。

2，目录：目录是论文中主要段落的简表。（短篇论文不必列目录）

3，提要：是文章主要内容的摘录，要求短、精、完整。

二、基本格式 

1，文献应以英、美等国家公开发表的文献为主。

2，文献翻译的字体、字号、序号等应与毕业论文格式要求完全一致。

❺ 怎么找英文论文,求高人指点

花钱进中国知网~

❻ 如何查找英文版论文

搜索的时候输入英文就可以了

❼ 英语论文应该怎么找

写英语论文最主要的是先定好主题，根据论文题目再去找相关资料，一般来说，写文学方面比较容易着手，但是相对的，那些原著都被写过千百遍了，很难再写出新意，语言学方面的话比较复杂，学术性比较强···总之你先得定好主题，然后在找资料，不要盲目去找，英语论文的网站很多，但是一部分是收费才能看到全文的，最好到学校电脑上相关网站找。
还有，找人代写是不可靠的，当初我们班有人找代写，都是网上东拼西凑的，老师一眼就看出来让他重写了，所以还是自己加油吧~祝你好运~

❽ 如何查找英文文献

首先抄你需要有专业的文袭献数据库，你可以到如google学术、网络文库、知网、维普、万方等等文献数据库进行查找，查可以通过关键字信息进行查询，如果自己查找有困难，你也可以在知道上悬赏获取，急用的话多加点分悬赏，这样才有更多的知友及时帮助你，找文献也是很费时间和精力

❾ 英文论文怎么找啊

Singapore
Ajit Prabhu. International Tax Review. London: Sep 1999. pg. 77

The Singapore government launched an Electronic Commerce Plan in 1998 to spur the growth of e-commerce, and to strengthen Singapore's position as an international e-commerce hub. The target is to have S$4 billion ($2.4 billion) worth of procts and services transacted electronically through Singapore, and 50% of businesses using some form of e-commerce, by the year 2003. The plan has five main thrusts:

* Develop an internationally linked e-commerce infrastructure: Include an efficient settlement system for internet transactions between businesses, covering international trade and multi-currency payments and a well-connected logistics infrastructure. Singapore will also be positioned as a centre of e-- commerce infrastructure development.

* Jump-start Singapore as an e-- commerce hub: Focus on the sectors in which Singapore has an inherent advantage as a hub, such as a stable and excellent financial infrastructure, a transport and logistics infrastructure that is well known for its efficiency, and strong telecommunications connectivity and e-commerce infrastructures, especially in business-- to-business services.

* Encourage businesses to use e-- commerce strategically: Ecation and other support programmes will be put in place to help businesses exploit e-commerce to enhance their proctivity and competitiveness.

* Promote use of e-commerce by the public and businesses: Enable Singapore citizens and businesses in Singapore to enjoy the benefits of e-commerce, and at the same time, create an e-commerce savvy culture.

* Harmonise cross-border e-commerce laws and policies: Enable businesses to trade confidently with overseas partners. Besides putting in place legislation that is internationally consistent, Singapore will work with its major trading partners to align each other's e-commerce laws.

The plan will be implemented through specific programmes and projects. A key supporting programme is Singapore's efforts to be a thought leader on the emerging and dynamic e-commerce scene.

TAXABLE PRESENCE

Singapore operates a territorial and receipt-based tax system. Income tax is charged only on income accruing in or derived from Singapore, or received or deemed to be received in Singapore from outside Singapore. Income tax is levied on, inter alia, gains or profits from any trade, business, profession or vocation, and any gains or profits of an income nature. If the operations of a non-resident person in Singapore give rise to gains or profits of an income nature in the hands of that non-resident in Singapore that can properly be said to accrue in or be derived from Singapore, those gains or profits will be taxable in Singapore.

The main issue to be addressed in the e-commerce context, therefore, is whether income is accruing in or derived from Singapore (ie sourced in Singapore). Unfortunately, the Singapore Income Tax Act (ITA) does not define the words "accruing in or derived from," nor does the ITA lay down guidelines for determining in which locality income is sourced.

Although judicial definitions exist, the determination of the actual source of income is a question of fact. Factors that will be taken into account in determining whether income is sourced in Singapore include:

* Where the contract of service or sale is made; * Where services are rendered or where the sale takes place;

* Where the invoice is raised;

* Where the establishment is located to which income can be attributed;

* Where proceeds are collected; * Where the cost of operations is incurred/charged; and * Where title to goods passes.

When all or most of the above activities are carried out in Singapore, there is very good reason (in the absence of special circumstances leading to an opposite conclusion) for treating the income as properly derived from Singapore. Accordingly, income so derived would be subject to Singapore tax. Conversely, if all of the above activities are carried out outside Singapore, the income would be considered sourced outside Singapore on which no Singapore tax is exigible unless it is received or deemed to be received in Singapore.

The maintenance of a computer server in Singapore that merely provides advertising or the storing of data for a non-resident enterprise in Singapore in respect of goods sold by that enterprise generally should not cause the non-resident enterprise to derive any Singapore-- source income from the sales of such goods. However, if that server is able to perform order processing, approval and fulfilment, and invoicing and collection functions in respect of goods sold by the non-resident enterprise, there would be a significant risk that the non-resident enterprise would be considered to be deriving Singapore-source trading income. In that case, the non-resident would be subject to Singapore income tax in respect of the attributable profits. It would be important to determine whether sale contracts were concluded, invoices issued, and sale proceeds collected, all through the server maintained in Singapore. To rece the exposure to Singapore income tax, the nonresident enterprise could, to the extent possible, relocate the server to a location outside Singapore or restrict the functions of the server maintained in Singapore to those of sales promotion.

Double tax treaties concluded by Singapore, which are generally based on the OECD model treaty, somewhat modify the source-based concept of domestic income taxation by introcing the concept of a permanent establishment (PE). Although defined in Singapore domestic law, the PE concept has very little relevance to the taxation of income from the sale of goods in the absence of a treaty, and therefore would be applicable only to those Singapore non-residents that are resident in treaty countries.

Article 7 of the OECD model treaty provides that "the profits of an enterprise of a Contracting State shall be taxable only in that State unless the enterprise carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein...." Article 5(1) of the model treaty defines the term PE as a "fixed place of business through which the business of an enterprise is wholly or partly carried on." However, article 5(4)(e) specifically excludes from the PE definition "the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for the purpose of carrying on, for the enterprise, any other activity of a preparatory or auxiliary character."

In this regard, a server located in Singapore (other than a portable computer that is carried around) may give rise to a PE of the non-resident in Singapore by virtue of article 5(1), particularly if the server is able to perform order processing, approval and fulfilment, and invoicing and collection functions. Servers that merely provide advertising and storing of data likely would not constitute a PE since those activities are likely to be of a preparatory or auxiliary nature as defined in article 5(4)(e).

CHARACTER OF INCOME

The Singapore income tax treatment of income from the sale of soft goods through the internet (eg, newspapers, magazines, books, films, music CDs, and software) is not entirely clear. Before the advent of the internet, the transfer of software (eg, through diskettes), even if under conditions in which the transferee does not have the right to and distribute the software to the public, is generally treated as a licensing agreement for Singapore income tax purposes. Accordingly, Singapore withholding tax would be applicable if a payment in the nature of royalty is made to a non-resident.

Unless there is a change in practice by the Singapore tax authorities, we would expect the sale of soft goods in digitized form through the internet to be accorded similar treatment for Singapore income tax purposes. However, this approach may present an administrative problem of ensuring that indivial consumers buying soft goods through the internet comply with the Singapore withholding tax requirement.

GOODS AND SERVICES TAX

Singapore levies a Goods and Services Tax (GST) on the supply of goods and services in Singapore and on the import of goods into Singapore. Certain transactions, including the export of goods and the provision of international services, are zero-rated, ie, such transactions are exempt from output GST but the supplier is entitled to credit for input GST. The fundamental issue to be addressed for GST purposes is whether the sale of soft goods, such as software and other digitized material, is a supply of goods or a supply of services.

To the extent the sale of soft goods is treated as a supply of goods, it may give rise to the following problems:

* GST is imposed on the importation of "goods" into Singapore. Generally, the Customs & Excise Department collects GST at the point of importation in respect of tangible goods imported into Singapore. However, the import of soft goods into Singapore when a Singapore customer downloads the soft goods from the internet would give rise to significant collection challenges for the Customs & Excise Department.

* In the case of exports, in practice, the taxpayer would need to substantiate that the goods are actually exported before zero-rating the transaction. Proof of export may be made through documentary evidence, including the bill of lading and delivery order. Exporters of soft goods through the internet would have to grapple with the problem of the lack of such export documentation.

To the extent the sale of soft goods is treated as a supply of services (ie, payment for a right to use, similar to a licensing agreement), the determination of the place of supply could pose a significant problem for Singapore GST purposes.

As mentioned above, the supply of services in Singapore is subject to Singapore GST. Under the GST, the place of supply of services is the place where the supplier has his business establishment or fixed establishment. If the supplier of services has such establishments in more than one country, the place of supply is deemed to be in the country where the establishment most directly connected with the supply is located.

In the context of a foreign supplier of services through the internet, the question is whether the following could result in the foreign supplier having a business or fixed establishment in Singapore:

* The accessibility of a web site housed on a server located outside Singapore through a computer in Singapore, ie, a virtual presence.

* A computer server owned by a foreign supplier is located in Singapore, but the server provides advertising or stores data.

* A computer server owned by a foreign supplier is located in Singapore and the server performs order processing, approval and fulfilment, and invoicing and collection functions.

* A computer server located in Singapore performs advertising or order processing activities but is owned by a related Internet Service Provider (ISP) or a related telecommunications service provider.

* A computer server located in Singapore performs advertising or order processing activities but is owned by an unrelated ISP or an unrelated telecommunications service provider.

Where the foreign supplier is considered to be supplying services through a business or fixed establishment in Singapore and the value thereof exceed the registration threshold, the foreign supplier will be required to charge GST for the supply of services.
（节选）
好像只有一小段有用。
有一些论文比较了各国的纳税制度，不过是十年前的，网上只有简介，不提供全文下载。

❿ 如何查找英文文献

英文论文期刊就可以，比如 journal of modern China, 用搜索引擎搜时，要输入英文的