design的英文摘要

㈠ 施组英文摘要翻译，谢谢！

Abstract:The construction organization design is the construction organization's core and the soul, is the engineering construction projects of the whole design ideas and specific arrangements, to guide the construction project activities of the whole technical, economic and organization of comprehensive file.The construction organization design is in Datong to Zhungeer railroad new line engineering design the creed sex file. Prepare to project management organization setup, the overall arrangement of construction, construction preparation, the main sub-segment of the construction methods, quality assurance measures, safety and civilized construction measures, construction site management measures as fully as possible factors into consideration, outstanding scientific, applicability and pertinency, is to ensure high-quality, low cost, safety, civilization, high-speed completion of all the important task of economic construction technology files.This design mainly includes the following content: engineering construction organization design, construction plan. To ensure that the construction period, quality and safety, civilized building site, cost savings and other conditions, the establishment of a targeted construction organization design, each branch sub-item project characteristics, structure characteristics, the degree of difficulty of construction time limit for a project and quality requirements, establish the practical and feasible construction scheme. To guide the construction of the successful completion of the project construction, control engineering cost, create high-quality project.

㈡ 工业设计论文摘要翻译成英文

Instrial design is an applied art whereby the aesthetics and usability of mass-proced procts may be improved for marketability and proction. The role of an Instrial Designer is to create and execute design solutions towards problems of form, usability, user ergonomics, engineering, marketing, brand development and sales.

The term "instrial design" is often attributed to the designer Joseph Claude Sinel in 1919 (although he himself denied it in later interviews) but the discipline predates that by at least a decade. Its origins lay in the instrialization of consumer procts. For instance the Deutscher Werkbund, founded in 1907 and a precursor to the Bauhaus, was a state-sponsored effort to integrate traditional crafts and instrial mass-proction techniques, to put Germany on a competitive footing with England and the United States.

Definition of instrial design

Water kettle designed by Peter Behrens in 1909
A Braun stereo
Vox Phantom guitar, 1962General Instrial Designers are a cross between an engineer and an artist. They study both function and form, and the connection between proct and the user. They do not design the gears or motors that make machines move, or the circuits that control the movement, but they can affect technical aspects through usability design and form relationships. And usually, they partner with engineers and marketers, to identify and fulfill needs, wants and expectations.

In Depth "Instrial Design (ID) is the professional service of creating and developing concepts and specifications that optimize the function, value and appearance of procts and systems for the mutual benefit of both user and manufacturer" according to the IDSA (Instrial Designers Society of America).

Design, itself, is often difficult to define to non-designers because the meaning accepted by the design community is not one made of words. Instead, the definition is created as a result of acquiring a critical framework for the analysis and creation of artifacts. One of the many accepted (but intentionally unspecific) definitions of design originates from Carnegie Mellon's School of Design, "Design is the process of taking something from its existing state and moving it to a preferred state." This applies to new artifacts, whose existing state is undefined and previously created artifacts, whose state stands to be improved.

According to the (Chartered Society of Designers) design is a force that delivers innovation that in turn has exploited creativity. Their design framework known as the Design Genetic Matrix (TM) determines a set of competences in 4 key genes that are identified to define the make up of designers and communicate to a wide audience what they do. Within these genes the designer demonstrates the core competences of a designer and specific competences determine the designer as an 'instrial designer'. This is normally within the context of delivering innovation in the form of a three dimensional proct that is proced in quantity. However the definition also extends to procts that have been proced using an instrial process.

According to the ICSID, (International Council of Societies of Instrial Design) "Design is a creative activity whose aim is to establish the multi-faceted qualities of objects, processes, services and their systems in whole life-cycles. Therefore, design is the central factor of innovative humanization of technologies and the crucial factor of cultural and economic exchange."

Process of design
Although the process of design may be considered 'creative', many analytical processes also take place. In fact, many instrial designers often use various design methodologies in their creative process. Some of the processes that are commonly used are user research, sketching, comparative proct research, model making, prototyping and testing. These processes can be chronological, or as best defined by the designers and/or other team members. Instrial Designers often utilize 3D software, Computer-aided instrial design and CAD programs to move from concept to proction. Proct characteristics specified by the instrial designer may include the overall form of the object, the location of details with respect to one another, colors, texture, sounds, and aspects concerning the use of the proct ergonomics. Additionally the instrial designer may specify aspects concerning the proction process, choice of materials and the way the proct is presented to the consumer at the point of sale. The use of instrial designers in a proct development process may lead to added values by improved usability, lowered proction costs and more appealing procts. However, some classic instrial designs are considered as much works of art as works of engineering: the iPod, the Jeep, the Fender Stratocaster, the Coke bottle, and the VW Beetle are frequently-cited examples.

Instrial design also has a focus on technical concepts, procts and processes. In addition to considering aesthetics, usability, and ergonomics, it can also encompass the engineering of objects, usefulness as well as usability, market placement, and other concerns such as section, psychology, desire, and the emotional attachment of the user to the object. These values and accompanying aspects on which instrial design is based can vary, both between different schools of thought and among practicing designers.

Proct design and instrial design can overlap into the fields of user interface design, information design and interaction design. Various schools of instrial design and/or proct design may specialize in one of these aspects, ranging from pure art colleges (proct styling) to mixed programs of engineering and design, to related disciplines like exhibit design and interior design, to schools where aesthetic design is almost completely subordinated to concerns of function and ergonomics of use (the so-called functionalist school）。

Instrial design rights
Instrial design rights are intellectual property rights that protect the visual design of objects that are not purely utilitarian. An instrial design consists of the creation of a shape, configuration or composition of pattern or color, or combination of pattern and color in three dimensional form containing aesthetic value. An instrial design can be a two- or three-dimensional pattern used to proce a proct, instrial commodity or handicraft.

Under the Hague Agreement Concerning the International Deposit of Instrial Designs, a WIPO-administered treaty, a procere for an international registration exists. An applicant can file for a single international deposit with WIPO or with the national office in a country party to the treaty. The design will then be protected in as many member countries of the treaty as desired. Design rights started in the United Kingdom in 1787 with the Designing and Printing of Linen Act and have expanded from there.

Legislations
India
India's Design Act, 2000 was enacted to consolidate and amend the law relating to protection of design and to comply with the articles 25 and 26 of TRIPS agreement. The new act, (earlier Patent and Design Act, 1911 was repealed by this act) now defines "design" to mean only the features of shape, configuration, pattern, ornament, or composition of lines or colours applied to any articlewhether in two or three dimensional, or in both forms, by any instrial process or means, whether manualal or mechanical or chemical, separate or combimed, which in the finished article appeal to and are judged solely bt the eye; but does not include any mode or principle of construction.

Canada
Canada's instrial design act affords ten years of protection to instrial designs that are registered; there is no protection if the design is not registered. The Instrial Design Act (R.S., c. I-8) defines "design" or "instrial design" to mean features of shape, configuration, pattern or ornament and any combination of those features that, in a finished article, appeal to and are judged solely by the eye.

During the existence of an exclusive right, no person can "make, import for the purpose of trade or business, or sell, rent, or offer or expose for sale or rent, any article in respect of which the design is registered." The rule also applies to kits and substantial differences are in reference to previously published designs.

United Kingdom
In addition to the design protection available under Community designs, UK law provides its own national registered design right and an unregistered design right. The unregistered right, which exists automatically if the requirements are met can last for up to 15 years. The registered design right can last up to 25 years subject to the payment of maintenance fees。

United States
U.S. design patents last fourteen years from the date of grant and cover the ornamental aspects of utilitarian objects. Objects that lack a use beyond that conferred by their appearance or the information they convey, may be covered by right -- a form of intellectual property of much longer ration that exists as soon as a qualifying work is created. In some circumstances, rights may also be acquired in trade dress, but trade dress protection is akin to trademark rights and requires that the design have source significance or "secondary meaning." It is useful only to prevent source misrepresentations; trade dress protection cannot be used to prevent others from competing on the merits.

Proct design
Proct design can be defined as the idea generation, concept development, testing and manufacturing or implementation of a physical object or service. Proct Designers conceptualize and evaluate ideas, making them tangible through procts in a more systematic approach. The role of a proct designer encompasses many characteristics of the marketing manager, proct manager, instrial designer and design engineer.

The term is sometimes confused with instrial design, which defines the field of a broader spectrum of design activities, such as service design, systems design, interaction design as well as proct design.[citation needed] The role of the proct designer combines art, science and technology to create tangible three-dimensional goods. This evolving role has been facilitated by digital tools that allow designers to communicate, visualize and analyze ideas in a way that would have taken greater manpower in the past.

Skills needed
Proct designers are equipped with the skills needed to bring procts from conception to market. They should have the ability to manage design projects, and subcontract areas to other sectors of the design instry. Aesthetics is considered important in Proct Design but designers also deal with important aspects including technology, ergonomics, usability, stress analysis and materials engineering.

㈢ 论文英文摘要大小写问题

To Deliberately Crafted from Natural Revelation
- The Unity of Architecture and Landscape Design of the Environment
意思就是，开头单词首字母要大些，除了连词、介词意外有实际意义的动词、名词、形容词、副词首字母都要大写
希望对您有所帮助~

㈣ 英文摘要翻译：

with the development of age,the environment of living are changing,rather than focons on chitecture area and the degree of decorate,people pay more attention in lving culture and the comfort of environment now.pravite garden meet the need of people's outdoor activity .the design of pravite garden are more and more humminized,the outdoorspace attract more attention of the designer.as a integrated villa,its space indoor should be suit with outdoor.we should measure the design of villa from many sided like scientification,culure function artistry and so on.the villa should suit with the charater of the host,and let the art more adaptive

㈤ 给翻译一篇英文摘要(论文用，不要用翻译软件翻译出来的）

In today's world has entered the rapid development of the information age, information age in which communication in particular is the fastest growing mobile communications instry. Today, a wide range of communications equipment have access to people's lives, especially the mobile phone and computer has become essential to daily life and the total equipment. And between mobile phones and mobile phones, computer access are data transmission, while the phone is an example of wireless transmission. This article is the use of single-chip microcomputer as 89c51 and 87C2051 microcontrollers, proced by the two systems to send and receive. Way to use wireless data transmission.
Serial communication in achieving this design is the use of VB Programming mscomm control mole with the realization of the communications between computers. Mscomm control with programmable settings first RTSEnable attention should be paid to the properties, in order to False when to send data signals to achieve PTR2000 functions; to True when, PTR2000 to achieve the function of receiving data signals.
TLC1549 program for the realization of the analog signal into digital signal, in the computer and the wireless transmission mole for transmission and display.
In fact, now is the era of analog era, the era of the future from the current trend is the development of the digital age. Monitor the operation of intelligent, digital control, digital display is a necessary condition for the next display. With the advent of the digital age, digital technology will replace analog technology, LCD will soon replace the existing analog CRT monitors. The design of the C-line of the LCD Serial Programming
过了四级的街上一抓一把，我一个宿舍全六级都只是一般，有什么奇怪的
既然过了四级那么强，还出分翻译，真的是在骗自己，网上翻译就够了，帮SB翻译不值得

㈥ 摘要英文翻译

The design for the Ji'nan area some comprehensive office building air conditioning system, intended for the rational design of central air-conditioning system, for indoor staff, guests to provide a healthy and comfortable environment.

The design of main building for office rooms, mostly small area, and each room are not mutually communicated, should make the air conditioning system can realize independent control of each room, a comprehensive consideration of various factors, determine the selection of fan-coil unit plus fresh air system and a new air system, fresh air from outdoors outdoor air handling unit to indoor air enthalpy value, do not assume the indoor load. Fan coil covers all indoor cooling load and the air humidity load. Fan coil plus fresh air system independent from the shutter and sent back.

In the cooling load calculation on the basis of complete host and fan coil unit selection, and through air volume, water pipe calculated wind and water pipe specifications, and check the most disadvantaged loop resistance and the pressure head is used to determine the new fan and water pump. According to the relevant manual air-conditioning design for the parameters, to further complete fresh air unit, water pump, selection, and in response to the drawings, and ultimately complete the entire air-conditioning system design.

Key words: fan-coil unit plus fresh air system; load; pipeline design; refrigeration unit: chiller

㈦ 计算机论文英文摘要

Abstract: In this paper refer to web standards, web-based standards for the design of the layout of a typical model ----" DIV + CSS "for website design and proction. Article, the proction of a personal web site based on Dreanweaver with the code editor for the website to Photoshop for image processing tools, databases, the use of access, and runtime environment for Web site debugging. This paper introces the relevance of the mainstream browsers, as well as knowledge, what is web standards, web standards and the advantages of elaborate. Web site design moles to learn from my day-to-day life, the text will be displayed in the main site of the browser code and the final results.

Key words: web standards; DIV + CSS; ASP; browser; access

打字打得好辛苦。。。

㈧ 急求摘要的英文翻译

Grow up in the bridge and select the cantilever law for use and construct more and more, it is the main construction equipment that the cantilever of the bridge constructed to hang the basket. It hang rhombus for strength because basket mainly the pieces is two strength pole for the poles at their,can sufficient use the characteristics of material, have the characteristics that the structure is light and handy, receive strength clearly, has already widely used in and construct medium-sizedly across the bridge cantilever of the foot-path. This subject takes the Yellow River bridge of Taole as the background, draw lessons from hanging the basket to design of other completed bridges, hang basket go on, design, calculate to this bridge rhombus used. First of all, the biography strength way that we hung the basket to the rhombus has been analysed and researched, have put forward the design plan on this basis, through MIDAS to template, vertical to support while being horizontal, bottom mould truss, side mould truss, lead roof beam, main truss and steel hang, bring into conct design, calculate software, utilize hands to paint and the computer assist the software of making maps to draw some drawings of the basket of hanging. In this design, through simplifying rationally to each part, set up the model of analyzing in MIDAS, main analysis deflection, intensity and stability its come, examine, regard as this part meet the demands load. All was stell-structured part concatenation to hung the basket in rhombus, so, the treatment of the detail structure was quite important, through draw lessons from other rhombus hang basket to detail treatment method of structure and combine construction characteristic of bridge this register for detail structure of basket make, set up rationally to bridge this we Idea. Finally, we made maps through CAD the software pieced together and is the basket is hung each part group that hung basket entirely, can meet the request of constructing. Originally design and be expected to put into practical application while trial-procing. Design plans and design analytical methods put forward have important reference value to designing similarly.

㈨ 摘要的英文翻译

This paper has introced the design of the Internet Shopping System,focused on the discussion of system moles and the design of the database. This article aims at Internet Shopping design.The primary users are administrators of the clients and websites,the informations of the goods can be scanned by both clients and administrators.The clients can log on the website to change their indivial informations、 code of logging in,they also can use the shopping cart、inquire about referred order for goods、look over the cercs of indivial consume.The goods in the websites and the informations of the clients will be managed by the administrators. This system was developed based on Dreamweaver V8,and Access2003 as the background database.Using the ASP technology and HTML language.In the process of the system developing,the ideas of object-oriented were used to analyse and design,and the the databases were designed strictly according to the relational ordains of the relation-database principles.Afer testing,the system has made all the functions that the Inernet Shopping has came true.It has the characteristic of friedly interface、 simple operation and it's convenient to inquire about,it makes shopping more convenient.But e to the complicacy of realism Internet shopping,in the process of the practiced Internet Shopping development,users also need to further clarify the demand actually,then the system can be strengthened further.

㈩ 校园网设计摘要英文翻译

The time today's knowledge-based economy and information technology have the development and popularization of Internet in the world have decided the time the network will become the main tool for information. With the development of computer network technology, network has become an important platform for the exchange of information.

21st century the size of the campus network and application level are reflected in schools and science teaching and learning environment an important component of the force, so we should make use of existing campus conditions, design a secure, unified campus network.

Internet-based e-learning with time-sensitive, shared, interactive and many of the characteristics of the indivial, so it has a traditional teaching model of unmatched advantages. It created a new teaching model, breaking the traditional teaching model at the time and space limitations, the use of advanced teaching methods and teaching methods, greatly improve the teaching efficiency and teaching effectiveness, teaching and learning activities to enable a new level . Do a good job in the design of the campus network, are among the schools, both internal and external communication between the key and convenient.

This thesis focuses on the campus network design and construction process to establish the goal of building the campus network, campus network, network design principles and requirements of network technology selection, selection of network equipment, as well as the formation of the campus network for the most important integrated wiring and other key issues, to network security issues are discussed, and give a specific network topology diagram.