英语硕士论文摘要写法
说实话毕业论文弄好的话还是比较烦人的，准备了两个星期也没弄出来，题目全被否决了，老师又不给现成的题目，选题都麻烦的不得了，最后直接找VIP英语论文网的帮我的，值得庆幸的是我还好找VIP英语论文网的老师帮了忙，还辅导我熟悉了论文，还有答辩的问题，老师也没发现有什么问题，还是顺利的通过了，嘿嘿
❷ 英语专业毕业论文摘要怎么写
论文摘要又称文摘，是论文的重要组成部分，它是以提供文献内容梗概为日版的，不加评论和补权充解释，简明、确切地记述文献重要内容的短文。摘要应具有独立性和自明性，并拥有与文献同等量的主要信息，即不需阅读全文，就可获得重要的信息。摘要通常置于文题之后，文章之首。在论文发表后，论文摘要常被文献检索系统所收集。
摘要由目的、方法、结果和结论四部分组成。目的部分应简要说明研究的目的，说明提出问题的缘由，表明研究的范围及重要性；方法部分应说明研究课题的基本设计，使用了什么材料和方法，如何分组对照，研究范围以及精确程度，数据是如何取得的以及经过何种统计学方法处理；结果部分要列出研究的主要结果和数据，有什么新发现，说明其价值及局限，叙述要具体、准确，并需给出结果的可信值和统计学显著性检验的确切值；结论部分应简要说明、论证取得的正确观点极其理论价值或应用价值，是否值得推荐或推广等。
说白了，摘要就是你文章的骨架。
告诉你一个懒人的办法：第一句写目的，也就是你这篇文章要解决的问题和提出这个问题的原因，然后是“本文通过……的方法，阐述了……，论证了……，得出了……。”记得摘要最好300-500字左右为宜，不宜过长。
❸ 英文论文摘要部分怎么写有什么规范
(Abstract) 也成为内容提要,通常在学士论文中都必须附有摘要,其位置应放在论文的正文之前,对整个论文内容的概述.无论对专业读者还是对非专业读者而言,摘要都是一个非常重要的文件.
摘要如果和论文一起发表,则被称为一次性出版物摘要,主要用于帮助读者评价文章内容及其潜在作用,使读者不必阅读全文就可以了解论文的内容.除此之外,摘要也可以被单独收入文摘机构出版的摘要期刊如:生物学文摘(Biological Abstract)、化学文摘(Chemical Abstract)等、称为二次性出版物摘要.此类脱离论文独立成篇的摘要主要用于方便读者检索文献、收集信息,帮助研究者寻找新的研究领域.
一、 摘要的定义
摘要的英文术语:有两个词汇,一个是 abstract, 一个是 summary.根据美国国家标准学会(American National Standard Institute)于1971年通过并颁布的《美国国家文摘写作标准》(American National Standard for Writing Abstracts)规定,Abstract 不应与 summary 混同.
Abstract 对一篇论文的主要内容以精炼的文字进行高度概括,使读者不必阅读全文即可了解论文内容,或者让读者对即将阅读的文章有思想准备,或者让读者判断是否有通读全文的必要.文中只对论文信息进行浓缩,而不加主观评论或解释,可以脱离原文而独立成篇.字数通常在100~150个词左右,更确切地说,约为原文长度的1% ~ 5%(有的杂志规定摘要平均为全文的3% ~ 5%).现在越来越多的用法是 abstract.
尤其是放在索引资料中一律要用 abstract 这个术语,在论文的题目下也通常要用这个词.
Summary (概要) 与 abstract 无明显差别.严格地说,summary 一般附在论文的后面,对论文的主要结论和成果进行再叙述.其前提是读者已经通读过全文,通过 summary 来巩固论文的主要论点和成果.在某些论文中,用 summary 取代正文中的 conclusion 部分. Summary 是论文的"缩影",可以概括论文的全部内容,只是在删繁就简上下功夫,字数长短不一,少则两三句话,多则500个单词甚至更长.美国的一些高等学校规定,硕士论文提要(summary)以250词左右为宜,而博士论文题要以350词左右为宜.国际会议论文的提要一般规定为300 ~ 500 词或 1000 个印刷符号.
至于究竟要采用什么形式,要根据征稿而定.
一般说来,国际学术会议论文及要求按 Summary 方式来写摘要,而正式出版发行的刊物要修不尽一致.对于个别论文还见有前面为 Abstract, 结尾又有一个Summary , 这多半是由于文章过长,内容有多,后面的 Summary 相当于该文的缩写.
二、 摘要的种类
摘要分为两类,一类是说明性摘要(Descriptive/ Indicative Abstract),一类是资料性(Informative Abstract)摘要.
1. 说明性摘要 (Descriptive / Indicative Abstract)
如同迈克尔.艾利 (Michael Alley)所说,"一篇说明性摘要是段落形式的目录,使读者手中的一份简要地图."从这句话中可以清楚地了解说明性摘要的作用.说明性摘要指向读者指出论文的主要议题是什么,不涉及具体的研究方法和结果,但无法给读者提供更多的详细信息.它一般是用于综述性文章,也用于讨论、评论性文章,尤以介绍某学科近期发展动态的论文居多,常出现"… is studied"、 "…is discussed" 字样.时态多用现在时或现在完成时.其篇幅也较短,大多在100 ~ 150 字之间.以下是一篇说明性摘要的样例.
Ten widespread diseases that are hazards in isolated construction camps can be prevented by removing or destroying the breeding places of flies, mosquitoes and rats, and by killing their alt forms. 由于说明性摘要仅限于陈述论文的主要论题且篇幅较小,主要用于评述性的论文.
2. 资料性摘要 (Informative Abstract)
资料性摘要的优点是比说明性摘要能提供多的多的信息,它应该尽量完整和准确地体现原文的具体内容,特别强调指出研究的方法和结果、结论等.其篇幅较长,大多在150 ~250 字之间.根据原文长度,也有多达500字的.通常,这类的摘要反映了论文的基本面貌,能够代替阅读论文全文.
Ten widespread diseases that are hazards in isolated construction camps can be prevented by removing or destroying the breeding places of flies, mosquitoes and rats, and by killing their alt forms. The breeding of flies is controlled by proper disposal of decaying organic matter, and of mosquitoes by destroying or draining pools, or spraying them with oil. For rats, only the indirect methods of rat-resistant houses and protected food supplies are valuable. Control of alt forms of both insects and rodens requires use of poisons. Screens are used for insects. Minnows can be planted to eat mosquito larvae.
三、 如何写摘要
1. 摘要的位置 摘要的位置是确定的,一般在作者工作单位的下方.如:
Cultural Differences Between China and U.S.A (标题)
Xu Ying (署名) Hunan University (Changsha, Hunan, 410082) (工作单位) Abstract: (摘要) Key words: (关键词)
2. 写作要点
(1) 长度:有专家认为150 ~ 200 个词之间;文章长度的五分之一. 有些刊物会规定摘要的篇幅不能超过一定的字数,如:在80 ~ 100 之间,在投稿前应查询. 若刊物没有规定长度时,可以参阅已发表的文章长度.参加国际会议的论文摘要有字数限制,一般要求200 ~ 500 个词之间,约1000个印刷符号.(美国化学文献、医学文献的论文摘要规定在200个词以内)
(2) 不要重复论文中的句子.
(3) 避免列举大堆数据
(4) 一般只是一个段落,不要将其分为数段.
(5) 不要使用祈使句、感叹句、公式、表格等.
(6) 完成论文后在写摘要.
(7) 一般使用第三人称或被动语态.
(8) 语言需简明扼要.
下面请看一段论文摘要:
This paper deals with the English syllabus for graate students in China. The paper first reviews the history of the graate English teaching, then discusses the shortcomings in the syllabus and finally proposes some suggestions for its revision.
(本回答由学术堂整理提供)
❹ 硕士毕业论文摘要英文翻译（急急急）
Current electrovalence of our country has adopted the fixed price method taking cost as basis , electrovalence system has included unitary system such as making with two system and leading adjustment , the peak valley electrovalence strenuously , the main body of a book has been studied by the fact that the method forming mechanism , fixed price to current electrovalence draws with electrovalence system carding , has discussed the motivation on the economy adopting current electrovalence policy with effect , has taken that 09 Xu Zhou area year electric power consumes condition as example and, The metastasis going deep into the pattern having studied current mistake unites fixed price having led to being unlike instry , being unlike area and so on compensates effect and achievement an effect. The metastasis studying content makes the electrovalence and the difference electrovalence mainly including two compensates an effect. That research method is one, is that general welfare comes to estimate that the metastasis compensates achievement an effect by analysing consumer surplus , procer surplus and society , two is to take the average electrovalence that current electric power sells as criterion electrovalence , analyses the consumer electric charge differences of all kinds to criterion electrovalence. The proportion studying result indicates an electrovalence , liang of headquarter makes if reasonableness ascertains fundamental electric charge and electricity degree electric charge, can raise the surplus providing power consumption both sides , improves general welfare of society and efficiency. The consumption coefficient of elasticity is different to the difference electrovalence , every instry , every region electric power because of power consumption , adopt the different electrovalence, not bad bigger limit's the electric power consumption promoting every instry , every region consumer, can raise the surplus providing power consumption both sides , improves the public welfare and efficiency thereby. But be unable to return back reasonableness completely at present, with economic growth , the economic pattern adjustment if two proportion , electrovalence differences being unlike instry making the middle fundamental electrovalence electrovalence and the electricity degree electrovalence are horizontal, our country electrovalence structure has very big improvement space. The data calculation should consume a coefficient of elasticity with every instry electric power and counting concretely is ascertained. Adjusting architectural ultimate electrovalence purpose is a potentiation , improves welfare, the main body of a book has been proced suggestion.
❺ 论文英文摘要怎么写
Abstract
in the economic integration across the world in twenty-first Century, the market competition is no longer the single enterprise's competition, but the alliance between the competition, is the competition between supply chains. In the first, the second profit source to obtain cost rece the increasingly small space today, more and more enterprises begin to put the third source of profit, logistics cost, as the enterprise management activity important fields, turn their eyes to the integrated logistics cost rection. Therefore, clearly under the environment of supply chain logistics cost and control target is necessary.
With the development of the supply chain management as a starting point, to the whole supply chain as the research object, introces the supply chain management and logistics cost, and the analysis of enterprise logistics cost composition and the control way, and in the light of our country high logistics cost of this one current situation, discussed enterprise under the condition of Supply Chain Based on inventory, transportation cost, management cost and other aspects of the control, thus effectively recing the logistics cost method and way.
Key words: supply chain; supply chain management; logistics cost; cost; cost control
❻ 硕士论文摘要英语翻译需要注意什么
撰写摘复要时注意事项：
1.不应简制单重复论文题目中已有的信息，比如摘要的第一句与题目重复。
2.摘要应采用第三人称，不用“本文(this paper)”或“作者(the author(s))”作为主语，一般也不用“本文中(in this paper)”作定语或状语。
3.摘要应集中反映本文作者所做的工作、获得的成果和作者的观点，不应出现本学科领域已成为常识性的内容，不应对论文进行自我评价。
4.英文摘要时态:通常用一般过去时描述所做的工作，用一般现在时叙述所得的结果和结论。
❼ 怎样写好英语论文摘要
有道进行例句翻译，就靠谱多了
❽ 英语毕业论文的摘要和引言怎么写
从网上吵啊
❾ 英语论文摘要应该如何写
英语论文摘要又称文摘，是论文的重要组成部分，它是以提供文献内容梗概为日的，不加评论和补充解释，简明、确切地记述文献重要内容的短文。摘要应具有独立性和自明性，并拥有与文献同等量的主要信息，即不需阅读全文，就可获得重要的信息。摘要通常置于文题之后，文章之首。在论文发表后，论文摘要常被文献检索系统所收集。英语论文摘要一般为200-300单词，并有与英文摘要表达观点一致的中文摘要与之对应。具体的格式结构要点你可以来中国鸣网学术站看看。