英文文献官网
spring还有其他的网站都可以的
2. 介绍一些能够免费下载英文文献的网站，，，
香港大学论文库：http://sunzi1.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/index.jsp
OA图书馆，免费的：http://www.oalib.com/Index.html
后面这个英专文比较属少。
3. 求搜索英文学术论文的网站
英文学术论文网站，目前比较全的论文网站就掌桥科研不错，涵盖了各个领域，英文期内刊论文、学容位论文、国外会议论文、美国科技报告都有，有近6000万多篇。主要是收录全球名称权威论文的内容，理工科技术型论文很全，应该能帮助到你。
4. 查阅英文文献有专门的网站吗
感觉在那些外文数据库都找不到合适的资源。在做2011的B题，一头雾水、
5. 怎样查外文文献哪些网址较好
1. The NASA Astrophysics Data System -- 世界最大免费全文网站，超过300,000篇全文
主要学科：天体物理学
2. HighWire Press -- 世界第二大免费全文网站，超过235，812篇全文
主要学科：生物学、医学
3. arXiv.org
主要学科：物理、数学、非线性科学、计算机科学等。文件格式以PostScript为主，如没有相应的阅读软件，可以选择生成PDF文件格式。
4. Behavioral and Brain Sciences
主要学科：行为科学、脑科学
5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
主要学科：医学
6. CogPrints
主要学科：心理学、神经科学、行为科学、语言学、人工智能、哲学
7. GPO Access
美国政府文献
8. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR)
世界最大的社会科学文献网站
9. National Academy Press
美国国家科学院、国家工程院、医学协会等机构报告
10. National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)
美国国家卫生统计中心的统计报告
11. NCSTRL
计算机科学研究报告和论文
12. Project Gutenberg Electronic Public Library
电子图书，2002前提供10000种全文电子图书
13. Thomas Legislative Information on the Internet
美国国会图书馆提供的美国国会报告和历史文献
14. UNESCO
联合国教科文组织提供的文档
15. United States Geological Survey
美国地质考察报告
16. World Development Sources (World Bank)
世界银行报告
17. Delphion
世界各国专利，可看到前十三页全文
18 美国数学学会(AMS)的三种免费期刊
Bulletin
Electronic Research Announcements
Notices of the American Mathematical Society
19 Physics Today
美国物理学会(American Institute of Physics)提供的免费杂志
20 Frontiers in Bioscience
生物科学期刊和图书，文章被Biosis、CA、Medline等重要二次文献数据库引用
21 The World Wide Web Journal of Biology
被Biosis Previews引用
22 Science Magazine
23 Scientific American
24 ACM Digital Library
25 Issues in Science and Technology 《科学与技术问题》，美国。
1984年创刊，全年4期，ISSN 0748-5492，National Academy of Sciences，探讨和阐述科学、技术和卫生事业发展中的政策问题。
26 Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 《符号逻辑通报》，美国。
1995年创刊，全年4期，ISSN 1079-8986，刊载数学、哲学、计算机、语言学等领域中有关符号逻辑方面的论文、书评和会议论文摘要。
27 Progress of Theoretical Physics 《理论物理学进展》，日本。
1946年创刊，全年12期，ISSN 0033-068X，发表日本理论物理学者的研究成果。文章用英文、德文、法文发表。
28 Australian Journal of Physics 《澳大利亚物理学杂志》，澳大利亚。
1948年创刊，全年6期，ISSN 0004-9506，刊载物理学（从基本粒子到天体物理学）领域的研究论文、简讯和评论。
29 New Journal of Physics 《新物理学杂志》，英国。
1998年创刊，ISSN 1367-2630，是一种全文电子杂志,它在物理学领域相当具有权威性。该杂志编辑竭力通过出版对物理学家有益并能引起物理学家关注的高品质文章，从而把《新物理学杂志》办成本领域最主要的科学杂志。
30 Journal of Biological Chemistry 《生物化学杂志》，美国。
1905年创刊，全年52期，ISSN 0021-9258，Journal of Biological Chemistry Subscription，刊载生物化学领域的研究成果。高价刊。
31 Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 《化学与药学通报》，日本。
1953年创刊，全年12期，ISSN 0009-2363，发表生物分析化学、生物化学、药理学、毒理学和生物药学方面的研究论文及报告，用英文出版。
32 Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 《微型机械与微型工程杂志》，英国。
1991年创刊，全年4期，ISSN 0960-1317，刊载微型机电、微型机械和真空微电子技术方面的研究论文，涉及微型系统的控制、程序和建造、微型结构和器件、集成电路、电子与光子器件等基本结构、器械和系统设计研究。
33 VDI-Z 《德国工程师协会综合生产杂志》，德国。
1857年创刊，全年12期，ISSN 0042-1766，刊载机器制造、金属加工工艺、生产规划管理、生产系统、生产评价以及金属加工设备与系统等方面的论文，兼及行业新闻、新产品介绍。
34 Modern Machine Shop 《现代机械车间》，美国。
1928年创刊，全年12期，ISSN 0026-8003，全面报道制造与机械工业的新闻和技术信息，内容包括工程、工业机器人、研究与开发、程序设计、安全规则与设备等。
35 Process Engineering 《加工工程》，英国。
1920年创刊，全年12期，ISSN 0370-1859，刊载化工加工技术以及设备、材料和保养等方面的文章。
36 Signal 《信号》，美国。
具体看我给你的链接吧，有很多的。
6. 英文文献下载的网站
自力更生。到soudocer博客上去找账号。最重要的是能够学到自己怎么下载文献
7. 怎么找外文文献
1、首先，打开网络搜索栏，输入“知网”字样，并点击搜索结果中的知网官网。
8. 英文参考文献网站
China and the US: A Unique Relationship
Zhu Shida
The relationship between China, one of the oldest civilizations with the biggest population, and the United States, one of the youngest civilizations with the strongest economy, is significant not only for the two peoples but also for the future of the whole world.
The factors influencing the Sino-US relationship include economic, strategic, diplomatic and cultural elements. Undoubtedly, among them the economic factor is the most important one. Economic interests are at the heart of China-US relations. In 2001, trade volume between the two nations hit US$80,400 million, 8.1 percent higher than the previous year. Tempted by the colossal Chinese market, the US has become China’ biggest investor with an investment of US$4,858 million in 2001 and an accumulated investment of US$35,548 million. Since many American companies who have invested in China are multinational corporations, any fluctuations in Sino-US economic relations may affect the global trading and financial system, and may in turn exert influences on the two countries’ political and diplomatic decisions.
Strategically, China and the US have common interests. The White House needs China’s assistance and influence to handle North Korea and non-proliferation issues. America also needs China’s cooperation in fighting terrorism. On the Taiwan question that remains the most sensitive issue, China asks the United States to abide by the three joint communiqués and pursue the one-China policy.
Diplomatically, the imbalance of the mutual foreign policies is one of the reasons for misunderstandings and difficulties between the two nations. On the US side, by redefining China as its rival rather than strategic partner, the Bush Administration indicates that China is not at the key position in its Asian and Pacific policies. However, in China’s foreign policies, the United States is important both economically and strategically, especially when dealing with the Taiwan issue.
The ideological discrepancy explains why the United States has always taken China as its enemy rather than a partner or friend. Thus, learning the origins of American culture and spirit is necessary for China in dealing with political and diplomatic relations with the United States.
Domestic politics has played an important role in shaping the China-US relationship. In the United States, a sharp increase in the population of minorities resulted in the popularity of multiculturalism over the past decade, a movement that aims to achieve for minorities -- including African, Latin and Asian Americans -- the same status white Anglo-Saxon Protestants (WASP) have enjoyed in political, social and cultural life. Multiculturalism has strengthened the political power of minorities and intensified the conflicts between whites and minorities. Consequently, conservatives hope to strengthen the influence of the mainstream, i.e. WASP values and attitudes in response to the growth of multiculturalism. Recently, Asian, especially Chinese Americans have become a newly emergent force in computer, ecational, scientific and technological fields in the United States. The rise of Chinese Americans may arouse antipathy and jealousy of racists, conservatives and other minorities, which has been seen in the Wen Ho Lee “Spy” Case. In addition, after the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks, the White House reexamined its opening-up, adopted tougher immigration policies, and said it would restrict the granting of immigrant visas. This tendency of conservatism may play a negative role in the Sino-US cultural exchanges.
On the contrary, in China, intellectuals as well as young people hold a good opinion of the United States. A survey indicates that 87 percent of Chinese youngsters regard US as a rich and powerful country, and 74.3 percent are impressed by the colorful cultural and entertainment life in America. According to a poll made in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou in September, 1997, some 58 percent of those polled nursed quite a favorable impression of the US in general; 27.1 percent thought that by then US was China’s international friend; while only 13 percent described China-US ties as hostile. In a survey concted in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Wuhan and Harbin on first impressions of the United States, 40.4 percent of the interviewees brought up the wealth of the US and its standing as a superpower, 7.5 percent reflected on such social problems in the United States as drug addiction, unemployment and homelessness, 5 percent mentioned Motorola, Coca Cola, IBM, the Silicon Valley and other high-tech and branded procts. Of all countries referred to in the interview, people were most impressed by the United States and listed it as the richest and most powerful country in the world. In addition, the US has been the first preference among Chinese people as a place to visit, travel to and send their children to study in.
However, after China-US IPR (intellectual property rights), MFN (Most Favored Nations status) and WTO (World Trade Organization) negotiations, especially after the missile attack on the Chinese Embassy in Belgrade in 1999 and the Air-Collision Incident last year, an anti-America feeling is growing among Chinese young people who are rather westernized both in their wearing and thinking. This is a signal to the American policy-makers: When dealing with US-China relations, they need to fully consider traditional Chinese culture and national feelings since Chinese people who are cultivated by their distinctively face-saving culture value mutual respect greatly.
To handle the Sino-US relationship appropriately, both sides should realize the necessity to further understanding and respect for each other’s cultures, which, unfortunately, often has been neglected.
The origins of American culture lie in a combination of Puritanism, liberalism, indivialism and republicanism. Reflected in politics, American culture takes the form of hegemonism with a strong religious flavor and labeled by its self-defined freedom, democracy and human rights standard. The cultural reason for American people’s conceit and authoritativeness lies in the so-called “America exception” derived from the American political culture. Beginning with the original immigrating Puritans, Americans have regarded themselves as the chosen people, superior to any other peoples in the world. Meanwhile, in free and open America, there is no room for the strict consensus system characteristic of traditional societies. Therefore, without a unified attitude and consistent account in all fields of its political culture, discordant voices can be heard from time to time in American society, which is unimaginable and almost impossible in China.
The essence of Chinese culture is family affection and attachment. Any indivial behavior damaging national dignity and group honor is not encouraged in Chinese society that thinks highly of collective benefits and reputation, which is beyond the understanding of American people.
In addition to the cultural differences between the two nations, we also need to realize the inherent discrepancies in American culture that influence American politics and foreign policies frequently. On the one hand, in terms of Puritanism, one of the origins of the American culture, since the earliest Puritans came to the New World e to the religious persecutions they suffered in England, the freedom and right for indivials to pursue welfare have occupied a special position in Puritanism. Naturally, Puritans harbor religious fervor for human rights. On the other, the protracted existence of racial discrimination and segregation did not change until after the Civil Rights movement ring the 1950s and 1960s. Even today, the deep-rooted barrier between whites and minorities is still hard to be removed completely in the United States. The cultural contradictions are the source of America’s double standards on the human rights issue.
The aggressive American culture with a short history of a little more than 200 years is built on the basis of indivialism and liberalism, while the introversive Chinese culture with a 5000 years’ tradition lays stress on collectivism and cultural consensus at the expense of indivial voices. Obviously, the essences of these two cultures are contradictory. This cultural contradiction is the main reason for the constant Sino-US clashes. Nevertheless, mutual complementarities in economy magnetize the two nations, forcing them to compromise for their cultural discrepancies.
To maintain close ties between China and the United States, the establishment of culturally complementary, mutually trusting and crisis handling systems is necessary. The differences between Chinese and American cultures as well as the inherent contradictions of American culture need to be fully considered. Mutual opening based on mutual trusting is also important to bilateral relations. Meanwhile, cooperation on economic, strategic and anti-terrorist issues cannot change the essential political and cultural discrepancies, which makes it inevitable for the constant appearance of crises between the two nations. By and large, China and the United States need to face their cultural differences and establish mutually trusting relations based on deepened understandings and reasonable analyses and judgment on cases. Only in this way, any possible crises in the future can be reced to the degree benefiting both sides.