怎麼找英文論文

❶ 關於如何搜索英文文獻 Review article 一類的文章呢

1、在復 Ei Compendex 和INSPEC資料庫中，把「文制獻處理類型」（Treatment type）限定在「General review」或「Litereture review」，檢索出來的都是綜述性的文章。

拓展資料：

英語論文的寫作，主要用於參加國際學術研討會，促進中外學術文化交流；在國際學術刊物上發表，在國際上共享科研成果，英語論文也是達到學術交流的目的；另外英語論文還包括英語相關專業人員必要地用英語撰寫學術報告或畢業論文等等。不同的學科或專業領域、不同的刊物對英語論文的內容、格式等有不同的要求，不同領域的研究論文在文體和語言特點上既有許多共性，也不乏各自特點。

❷ 英文文獻怎麼找

1）圖書館
包括高校的圖書館、科研單位的圖書館、地方圖書館（如版：國家圖書館、上海圖書館）
圖書館一般權購買了大量的期刊論文資料庫，供內部人員免費使用。 有中文為主的萬方、維普，有外文的ProQuest、Springer等。
注1：圖書館一般都提供文獻代檢服務，不過可能要收取一定費用。 注2：通過IP代理的方式可以訪問某些資料庫，不過是非法的。

2）利用搜索引擎
一般來說，英文的用Google來搜索要好一點，因為它收錄了大量國外的網站。
而網路主要針對國內的，如果你的話題是特別中國化的，那麼網路也是不錯的選擇。
由於正式文檔一般都採用pdf，要搜索pdf文檔，只需在關鍵詞後，加個filetype:pdf即可
除了以網頁模式之外，還可以在Google學術里或是網路文檔里搜索，二者互為補充。
3）向論文作者或網友求助
直接給論文作者發電子郵件，還是有一定機會得到回復的。 另外，有些作者會把自己的論文放在個人網站上。
至於網路求助，可以進入高校的論壇或者一些學術網站

❸ 怎麼在網上找英文文獻

可以用googel reader瀏覽器

❹ 如何查找畢業論文的相關英文文獻

搜索英文文獻的方法：

1、進入大型的期刊論文資料庫里檢索；

2、搜索引擎更回適合搜索普通的英文資料和論答文檢索入口。檢索途徑：

1）圖書館包括高校的圖書館、科研單位的圖書館、地方圖書館（如：國家圖書館、上海圖書館）圖書館一般購買了大量的期刊論文資料庫，供內部人員免費使用。有中文為主的萬方、維普，有外文的ProQuest、Springer等。

2）利用在線期刊、論文資料庫國內的有：中國知網、國家科技圖書文獻中心、萬方數據或國外的網站。

(4)怎麼找英文論文擴展閱讀：

畢業論文的相關英文文獻要求

論文基本規范：

一，要求 

1，論文題目：要求准確、簡練、醒目、新穎。

2，目錄：目錄是論文中主要段落的簡表。（短篇論文不必列目錄）

3，提要：是文章主要內容的摘錄，要求短、精、完整。

二、基本格式 

1，文獻應以英、美等國家公開發表的文獻為主。

2，文獻翻譯的字體、字型大小、序號等應與畢業論文格式要求完全一致。

❺ 怎麼找英文論文,求高人指點

花錢進中國知網~

❻ 如何查找英文版論文

搜索的時候輸入英文就可以了

❼ 英語論文應該怎麼找

寫英語論文最主要的是先定好主題，根據論文題目再去找相關資料，一般來說，寫文學方面比較容易著手，但是相對的，那些原著都被寫過千百遍了，很難再寫出新意，語言學方面的話比較復雜，學術性比較強···總之你先得定好主題，然後在找資料，不要盲目去找，英語論文的網站很多，但是一部分是收費才能看到全文的，最好到學校電腦上相關網站找。
還有，找人代寫是不可靠的，當初我們班有人找代寫，都是網上東拼西湊的，老師一眼就看出來讓他重寫了，所以還是自己加油吧~祝你好運~

❽ 如何查找英文文獻

首先抄你需要有專業的文襲獻資料庫，你可以到如google學術、網路文庫、知網、維普、萬方等等文獻資料庫進行查找，查可以通過關鍵字信息進行查詢，如果自己查找有困難，你也可以在知道上懸賞獲取，急用的話多加點分懸賞，這樣才有更多的知友及時幫助你，找文獻也是很費時間和精力

❾ 英文論文怎麼找啊

Singapore
Ajit Prabhu. International Tax Review. London: Sep 1999. pg. 77

The Singapore government launched an Electronic Commerce Plan in 1998 to spur the growth of e-commerce, and to strengthen Singapore's position as an international e-commerce hub. The target is to have S$4 billion ($2.4 billion) worth of procts and services transacted electronically through Singapore, and 50% of businesses using some form of e-commerce, by the year 2003. The plan has five main thrusts:

* Develop an internationally linked e-commerce infrastructure: Include an efficient settlement system for internet transactions between businesses, covering international trade and multi-currency payments and a well-connected logistics infrastructure. Singapore will also be positioned as a centre of e-- commerce infrastructure development.

* Jump-start Singapore as an e-- commerce hub: Focus on the sectors in which Singapore has an inherent advantage as a hub, such as a stable and excellent financial infrastructure, a transport and logistics infrastructure that is well known for its efficiency, and strong telecommunications connectivity and e-commerce infrastructures, especially in business-- to-business services.

* Encourage businesses to use e-- commerce strategically: Ecation and other support programmes will be put in place to help businesses exploit e-commerce to enhance their proctivity and competitiveness.

* Promote use of e-commerce by the public and businesses: Enable Singapore citizens and businesses in Singapore to enjoy the benefits of e-commerce, and at the same time, create an e-commerce savvy culture.

* Harmonise cross-border e-commerce laws and policies: Enable businesses to trade confidently with overseas partners. Besides putting in place legislation that is internationally consistent, Singapore will work with its major trading partners to align each other's e-commerce laws.

The plan will be implemented through specific programmes and projects. A key supporting programme is Singapore's efforts to be a thought leader on the emerging and dynamic e-commerce scene.

TAXABLE PRESENCE

Singapore operates a territorial and receipt-based tax system. Income tax is charged only on income accruing in or derived from Singapore, or received or deemed to be received in Singapore from outside Singapore. Income tax is levied on, inter alia, gains or profits from any trade, business, profession or vocation, and any gains or profits of an income nature. If the operations of a non-resident person in Singapore give rise to gains or profits of an income nature in the hands of that non-resident in Singapore that can properly be said to accrue in or be derived from Singapore, those gains or profits will be taxable in Singapore.

The main issue to be addressed in the e-commerce context, therefore, is whether income is accruing in or derived from Singapore (ie sourced in Singapore). Unfortunately, the Singapore Income Tax Act (ITA) does not define the words "accruing in or derived from," nor does the ITA lay down guidelines for determining in which locality income is sourced.

Although judicial definitions exist, the determination of the actual source of income is a question of fact. Factors that will be taken into account in determining whether income is sourced in Singapore include:

* Where the contract of service or sale is made; * Where services are rendered or where the sale takes place;

* Where the invoice is raised;

* Where the establishment is located to which income can be attributed;

* Where proceeds are collected; * Where the cost of operations is incurred/charged; and * Where title to goods passes.

When all or most of the above activities are carried out in Singapore, there is very good reason (in the absence of special circumstances leading to an opposite conclusion) for treating the income as properly derived from Singapore. Accordingly, income so derived would be subject to Singapore tax. Conversely, if all of the above activities are carried out outside Singapore, the income would be considered sourced outside Singapore on which no Singapore tax is exigible unless it is received or deemed to be received in Singapore.

The maintenance of a computer server in Singapore that merely provides advertising or the storing of data for a non-resident enterprise in Singapore in respect of goods sold by that enterprise generally should not cause the non-resident enterprise to derive any Singapore-- source income from the sales of such goods. However, if that server is able to perform order processing, approval and fulfilment, and invoicing and collection functions in respect of goods sold by the non-resident enterprise, there would be a significant risk that the non-resident enterprise would be considered to be deriving Singapore-source trading income. In that case, the non-resident would be subject to Singapore income tax in respect of the attributable profits. It would be important to determine whether sale contracts were concluded, invoices issued, and sale proceeds collected, all through the server maintained in Singapore. To rece the exposure to Singapore income tax, the nonresident enterprise could, to the extent possible, relocate the server to a location outside Singapore or restrict the functions of the server maintained in Singapore to those of sales promotion.

Double tax treaties concluded by Singapore, which are generally based on the OECD model treaty, somewhat modify the source-based concept of domestic income taxation by introcing the concept of a permanent establishment (PE). Although defined in Singapore domestic law, the PE concept has very little relevance to the taxation of income from the sale of goods in the absence of a treaty, and therefore would be applicable only to those Singapore non-residents that are resident in treaty countries.

Article 7 of the OECD model treaty provides that "the profits of an enterprise of a Contracting State shall be taxable only in that State unless the enterprise carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein...." Article 5(1) of the model treaty defines the term PE as a "fixed place of business through which the business of an enterprise is wholly or partly carried on." However, article 5(4)(e) specifically excludes from the PE definition "the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for the purpose of carrying on, for the enterprise, any other activity of a preparatory or auxiliary character."

In this regard, a server located in Singapore (other than a portable computer that is carried around) may give rise to a PE of the non-resident in Singapore by virtue of article 5(1), particularly if the server is able to perform order processing, approval and fulfilment, and invoicing and collection functions. Servers that merely provide advertising and storing of data likely would not constitute a PE since those activities are likely to be of a preparatory or auxiliary nature as defined in article 5(4)(e).

CHARACTER OF INCOME

The Singapore income tax treatment of income from the sale of soft goods through the internet (eg, newspapers, magazines, books, films, music CDs, and software) is not entirely clear. Before the advent of the internet, the transfer of software (eg, through diskettes), even if under conditions in which the transferee does not have the right to and distribute the software to the public, is generally treated as a licensing agreement for Singapore income tax purposes. Accordingly, Singapore withholding tax would be applicable if a payment in the nature of royalty is made to a non-resident.

Unless there is a change in practice by the Singapore tax authorities, we would expect the sale of soft goods in digitized form through the internet to be accorded similar treatment for Singapore income tax purposes. However, this approach may present an administrative problem of ensuring that indivial consumers buying soft goods through the internet comply with the Singapore withholding tax requirement.

GOODS AND SERVICES TAX

Singapore levies a Goods and Services Tax (GST) on the supply of goods and services in Singapore and on the import of goods into Singapore. Certain transactions, including the export of goods and the provision of international services, are zero-rated, ie, such transactions are exempt from output GST but the supplier is entitled to credit for input GST. The fundamental issue to be addressed for GST purposes is whether the sale of soft goods, such as software and other digitized material, is a supply of goods or a supply of services.

To the extent the sale of soft goods is treated as a supply of goods, it may give rise to the following problems:

* GST is imposed on the importation of "goods" into Singapore. Generally, the Customs & Excise Department collects GST at the point of importation in respect of tangible goods imported into Singapore. However, the import of soft goods into Singapore when a Singapore customer downloads the soft goods from the internet would give rise to significant collection challenges for the Customs & Excise Department.

* In the case of exports, in practice, the taxpayer would need to substantiate that the goods are actually exported before zero-rating the transaction. Proof of export may be made through documentary evidence, including the bill of lading and delivery order. Exporters of soft goods through the internet would have to grapple with the problem of the lack of such export documentation.

To the extent the sale of soft goods is treated as a supply of services (ie, payment for a right to use, similar to a licensing agreement), the determination of the place of supply could pose a significant problem for Singapore GST purposes.

As mentioned above, the supply of services in Singapore is subject to Singapore GST. Under the GST, the place of supply of services is the place where the supplier has his business establishment or fixed establishment. If the supplier of services has such establishments in more than one country, the place of supply is deemed to be in the country where the establishment most directly connected with the supply is located.

In the context of a foreign supplier of services through the internet, the question is whether the following could result in the foreign supplier having a business or fixed establishment in Singapore:

* The accessibility of a web site housed on a server located outside Singapore through a computer in Singapore, ie, a virtual presence.

* A computer server owned by a foreign supplier is located in Singapore, but the server provides advertising or stores data.

* A computer server owned by a foreign supplier is located in Singapore and the server performs order processing, approval and fulfilment, and invoicing and collection functions.

* A computer server located in Singapore performs advertising or order processing activities but is owned by a related Internet Service Provider (ISP) or a related telecommunications service provider.

* A computer server located in Singapore performs advertising or order processing activities but is owned by an unrelated ISP or an unrelated telecommunications service provider.

Where the foreign supplier is considered to be supplying services through a business or fixed establishment in Singapore and the value thereof exceed the registration threshold, the foreign supplier will be required to charge GST for the supply of services.
（節選）
好像只有一小段有用。
有一些論文比較了各國的納稅制度，不過是十年前的，網上只有簡介，不提供全文下載。

❿ 如何查找英文文獻

英文論文期刊就可以，比如 journal of modern China, 用搜索引擎搜時，要輸入英文的