醫學論文摘要翻譯
Through the study of animal experiments to observe the United Yishen soup benazepril 5 / 6 nephrectomized rats renal function improved efficacy and reced TGF-β1 expression in renal tissue and other advantages, and to explore the soup Yishen possible to improve the renal function of mechanism of action.
Methods：
1. Select SPF class healthy alt male SD rats with 50 only as the research object, adaptive feeding one weeks later, 10 randomly selected as the sham-operated group (A group), and the remaining 40 with 5 / 6 nephrectomy CRF-made law model.
2.After the success of model selection criteria in line with the study group 32 rats were divided into B: model group, 8; C groups: benazepril group 8; D group: the Chinese Medicines Board 8; E group: beneficial United kidney soup benazepril group referred to as traditional Chinese and western medicine group 8, together with the A Group of 5 Group.
3. Successful modeling start after delivery, the groups were given corresponding drugs decoction.
4. The end of the experiment 24 hours after the detection of urinary protein and blood BUN, Scr, RBC, Hb, and renal histology observation and renal tissue TGF-β1 expression assay.
Results:
1.The general situation: ring the experiment, sham-operated rats demonstrated alertness, quick reaction, dense fur, clean and shiny, growth, consumption and the activities had no significant abnormalities, weight gain; model group was significant malnutrition, make them apathetic, slow activity , loss of appetite, fluffy fur, haggard Matte, died in the course of treatment at 2, probably because of renal failure e consideration; benazepril rats than sham-operated group spirit apathetic, slow activity, fur, fluffy; Chinese Medicines large mouse performance and a similar benazepril group; WM rats with sham-operated rats without much difference in general performance, but dry dark fur.
2. Of blood BUN, Scr impact: benazepril group, traditional Chinese medicine group, in the WM group significantly decreased BUN, Scr level, compared with the model group has significant difference (P <0.
05), but still higher than sham-operated group; traditional Chinese and western medicine group and the Chinese medicine group, benazepril group has significant difference (P <0.05); Chinese medicine group and the benazepril group was no significant difference ( P> 0.05).
3. Hematology impact: Chinese medicine group and the TCM-WM group was significantly increased blood RBC, Hb, compared with the model group has statistically significant difference (P <0.05), but the difference between the two groups was not significant (P> 0.05); benazepril group compared with the model group was no significant difference (P> 0.05).
4. Pathologic changes, acceptance of renal rat subtotal excision were visible matrix hyperplasia, glomerular sclerosis, but the model group compared to the treatment group significantly lesser degree of glomerular sclerosis, one of traditional Chinese and western medicine to renal small ball for the lightest sclerosis; Immunohistochemistry results showed that the treatment group in renal tissue expression of TGF-β1 were significantly lower than model group (P <0.
05), and traditional Chinese and western medicine group can rece the TGF-B1 in renal tissues, with the Chinese medicine group and the benazepril group has statistically significant difference (P <0.05). Conclusion: Yishen soup through Yiqi Jianpi, huoxuehuayu, dampness Xiexin Turbidimetry, CRF can rece blood BUN, Scr, improve anemia and rece proteinuria, can be reced effectively with 5 / 6 nephrectomy-inced CRF rat kidney tissue expression of TGF-β1, thereby recing the accumulation of ECM, slowing the development of renal fibrosis, and delay the progress of CRF.
Fully Yishen soup has a good anti-renal fibrosis, but also after the United benazepril better efficacy.
B. 如何准確翻譯醫學論文摘要
你可以先和北京譯頂科技那邊溝通，然後就可以交給他們了，他們對於這一塊還是很有權威性的，主要還是一對一的，有什麼事可以及時交流的
C. 有人說說醫學論文摘要漢譯英的方法和技巧嗎
醫學論文英語摘要的寫作及難句翻譯
發表時間：2009-6-12 9:15:21 來源：中國創新醫學網推薦
[摘要]根據自己在編審醫學論文英文摘要工作中的實際經驗，總結和歸納在翻譯醫學論文摘要時應注意的問題及使用的方法、策略，重點論述醫學論文英文摘要的寫作格式、文章標題的表達方式、語態和時態的使用、長難句翻譯等。
[關鍵詞]醫學論文;英語摘要;寫作;翻譯
為繁榮醫學教育，提高醫療水平，傳播醫學知識，促進同國外的醫學交流，推動醫學科學的進步，我國目前已出版發行了數百種醫學期刊。為了方便論文的檢索和查閱，保持同國外醫學期刊的一致性，醫學論文大多要求書寫中、英文摘要。筆者在醫學期刊的英文編輯工作中發現，相當一部分摘要的書寫不夠規范，部分作者在遇到長句及疑難句子時就不知從何下手，有的將檢索的外文資料生搬硬抄，同自己的原文完全不對應。筆者特撰寫此文，以期對提高廣大醫務工作者書寫英文摘要的水平、提高醫學論文的質量有所幫助。
1 英文摘要的寫作格式
醫學論文摘要的格式目前主要採用結構式摘要(structured abstract)，它是由加拿大Mc Master大學臨床流行病學和生物統計學教授Haynes博士[1]於1990年4月首先提出的。而幾乎在同年，美國《內科學紀事》(Annals of Internal Medicine'Ann Intern Med)在國際上率先應用結構式摘要[2]，隨之，世界各國的醫學期刊都採用了結構式摘要[3]。這些結構式摘要有8段式、7段式、6段式、5段式、4段式及3段式等，內容主要包括研究目的、研究設計、研究單位、研究對象或病人、處理方法、檢測方法、結果及結論共8項。而在實際應用中，8段式結構式摘要逐漸簡化為4段式。我國大多數醫學期刊都採用了4段式結構式摘要，即目的、方法、結果和結論。(1)目的(objective)：簡要說明研究的目的，表明研究的范圍、內容和重要性，常常涵蓋文章的標題內容。(2)方法(methods)：簡要說明研究課題的設計思路，使用何種材料和方法，如何對照分組，如何處理數據等。(3)結果(results)：簡要介紹研究的主要結果和數據，有何新發現，說明其價值及局限。此外，還要給出結果的置信值，統計學顯著性檢驗的確切值。(4)結論(conclusion)：簡要對以上的研究結果進行分析或討論，並進行總結，給出符合科學規律的結論。為了更好地說明問題，我們來看下例：(1)目的：探討螺旋CT(SCT)對結、直腸癌術前分期的價值。(2)方法：51例疑診結、直腸腫瘤的患者行SCT掃描，掃描前清潔腸道，並經直腸注氣，掃描范圍從膈頂至恥骨聯合。51例中，41例經直腸鏡或手術病理證實為結、直腸癌，其中31例有手術、SCT等完整資料參與分期研究，將影像診斷與手術病理結果進行對照。(3)結果：SCT總的分期准確率為58.1%(18/31)，判斷T分期的准確率為84.4%(27/32)'N分期的准確率為61.3%(19/31)。評價腫瘤漿膜外侵犯的敏感性和特異性分別為92.9%和50.0%。(4)結論：SCT掃描對結、直腸癌的術前分期有重要價值，有助於判斷腫瘤漿膜外侵犯及區域淋巴結和遠處轉移情況。其對應的英文摘要為：(1)Objective：To evaluate spiral CT (SCT) in the preoperative staging of colorectal carcinomas. (2)Methods：Fifty?one patients suspicious of having colorectal carcinoma underwent spiral CT scans performed from the dome of the diaphragm to symphysis pubica after cleansing enema and rectal air insufflation. 41 of the 51 patients were proved to have colorectal carcinoma by colonos and/or pathology. The findings of SCT of 31 patients treated with surgery were compared with the surgical pathological examination for staging.(3)Results：The overall accuracy rate of SCT staging was 58.1%(18/31). For evaluation of T staging and N staging'the accuracy rates were 84.4%(27/32) and 61.3%(19/31). Sensitivity and specificity for serosal infiltration were 92.9% and 50.0%.(4)Conclusion：SCT scan'playing a significant role in the preoperative staging of colorectal carcinoma'is useful to detect the serosal infiltration'lymph node and distant metastasis.上述摘要中英文對應准確，敘述簡練，基本上概括了全文的主要內容，便於專家和編輯的審稿和校對，也便於醫務工作者以及普通讀者的查閱和檢索。
2 英文摘要寫作與翻譯
應注意的問題眾所周知，任何英文書面材料只有用英文思維、構思、寫作，才可能成為比較地道的英文文章，醫學論文摘要也是這樣，最好直接用英文書寫。然而筆者在實際工作中以及同論文作者的交流中了解到，80%以上的醫務工作者不能做到這一點。他們基本上要首先寫出中文摘要，再按照中文內容翻譯成英文。在寫作和翻譯的過程中，他們不可避免地都會犯下一些錯誤。下面將重點討論摘要寫作與翻譯中應注意的問題。
2.1 文章標題文章標題具備信息功能(提供文章的主要內容)、祈使功能(吸引讀者閱讀和購買)、美感功能(簡單明了、新穎、醒目)和檢索功能(方便讀者和科技工作者檢索、查閱及引用)。醫學論文的標題還有它自己的特點，即有較多的專業術語和較長的字數。對於它們的翻譯，要忠實於原文，一般都採用直譯方法，並且要注意各成分之間的關系[3]。請看下例：「針刺對冠心病心絞痛患者左心功能狀態的影響」翻譯：The acupuncture effect on left ventricular function in patients with coronary heart disease and angina pectoris分析：「影響」為中心詞，但它在本文中的意思為「療效」，因為「針刺」是種治療疾病的方法，「針刺的療效」可譯為「acupuncture effect」。「左心功能狀態」是表類屬的定語，應緊跟「影響」，「患者」修飾「左心功能狀態」，「冠心病心絞痛」修飾「患者」。層層修飾關系在譯文中均以介詞連接，譯文簡潔而明晰。
2.2 語態在英語中，被動語態的使用遠不及主動語態廣泛。然而，在翻譯醫學論文摘要時，卻常常採用第三人稱的被動語態。這是因為醫學研究著重於客觀事物和過程的描述，使得整項活動更顯出科學性。同時，被動語態的句子在結構上有較大的調節餘地，有利於採用必要的修辭手段，擴大句子的信息量，從而突出重要的概念、問題、事實、結論等內容[4]。請看下例：「採用Western blotting技術檢測37例食管鱗狀細胞癌組織、癌旁組織、區域淋巴結和相應正常食管組織中P73蛋白的表達，並探討與食管臨床病理特徵的關系。」翻譯：The expression of P73 protein was detected by Western blotting in 37 cases of esophageal tumor tissues'para?cancer tissues'regional lymphnodes and matched esophageal normal tissues'and their relation to clinical pathologic characteristics of esophageal cancer was explored.分析：(P73蛋白的)「表達」和「關系」是兩個中心詞，只有使用被動語態，才能突出這兩個詞。「檢測」和「探討」都是科學研究的過程，使用被動語態就是強調其科學性。整個譯句使用被動語態達到的效果是結構緊湊，上下聯貫。
2.3 時態時態是大多數作者遇到的一大難題，他們不知何時該用何種時態。有時全文從頭到尾只用一種時態，或幾種時態雜亂交錯，給人不知所雲的感覺。筆者通過多年對醫學論文英文摘要的加工、翻譯發現'醫學論文摘要中所採用的時態主要是一般現在時和一般過去時，偶爾也會出現完成時。而它們的功能也很明確，即，一般現在時(偶爾有現在完成時)使用於摘要的目的與結論當中。對於摘要的目的，現在常常省略主語，只用不定式短語進行表達。如「to study; to evaluate; to understand」等;而一般過去時(偶爾有過去完成時)則常常用於摘要的方法和結果之中。請看下例：例1：「106例宮頸癌均行廣泛性子宮切除和盆腔淋巴結清除術，其中78例行術前放療(體外加腔內放療)，16例採用腔內放療加手術，12例術後放療。」翻譯：106 patients with cervical carcinoma were all treated by radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy'of whom 78 had preoperative radiotherapy'(external radiation and brachytherapy)'16 combination of brachytherapy and radical operation'12 adjuvant postoperative radiotherapy.分析：上文是摘要「方法」中的一句。主句使用了過去時，從句則使用了過去完成時。之所以使用這兩種時態，是因為在撰寫此文時，研究工作已經結束，研究過程中所做的一切已成過去。讀者閱過就一目瞭然。例2：「初步結果顯示肝素酶基因表達可能為肺癌細胞獲得轉移活性的可靠標志之一，其檢測可用於輔助判斷肺癌患者預後。」翻譯：The preliminary results suggest that the expression of heparanase gene may be one of the reliable markers for the metastastic activity gained by the lung cancer cells and can be used clinically in predicting the prognosis of patients.分析：這是摘要「結論」中的一句，是論文作者對研究工作進行的總結，並指出其對當前實際工作的指導意義，因此使用的是一般現在時。當然，使用何種時態不能一概而論。在翻譯時，要根據原文中所要表達的意思來最後確定。
3 長、難句的翻譯
不管是英語還是漢語醫學文章，都有一個共同的特點，即它們的句子通常較長，結構較復雜，有時，長長的一段文字僅由一句話組成。在醫學論文摘要中更是如此，要做好它們的互譯還真不容易。這是因為漢語句子建構在意念主軸(thought?pivot)上'英語句子建構在形式(或主謂)主軸(form?pivot or subject?predict?pivot)上[4]。也就是說，雖然句子是表達完整意義的語言單位，漢語強調的是意義，不太強調句子結構，許多句子沒有主語，還有的句子主語不明顯，但意義是明確的;而英語句子特別強調句子結構，絕大多數句子需要主語和謂語。這就要求在漢譯英過程中注意句意的轉換，學會抓找中心詞和使用英語中的各個關聯詞。請看下列例子：例1：「以BPDE誘導惡性轉化的人支氣管上皮細胞株16HBE為模型，採用cDNA代表性差異分析方法，比較轉化細胞及正常對照細胞間基因表達的差異，分離惡變細胞中差異表達的cDNA片段。」翻譯：The malignant transformation of human bronchial cell line 16HBE inced by BPDE was used as a model for comparing gene expression between the transformed cells and controls. cDNA representational difference analysis was performed to isolate differentially expressed cDNA fragment in transformed cells.分析：在中文原句中，出現了「以……」、「採用……」以及「比較……」、「分離……」這兩個看似並列的機構'如果按照原文翻譯'就會不知所雲。因此，根據句意和英語的句子結構，將原文分成兩層意思，按照兩個句子去翻譯。在第一層意思中，「上皮細胞株」在句中是中心詞，但在實際翻譯中，應通過所有格形式將「惡性轉化」處理為中心詞。翻譯時，將它們的位置顛倒過來，並且為了保持和中文「以…」結構相一致，使用了被動語態。第二層意思中，「cDNA代表性差異分析方法」是中心詞。其他結構按照英文習慣出現，層次分明，出落自然，毫無累贅之感。例2：「這些感受器是神經末梢，它們嵌入血管壁，根據該血管擴張的程度發出沖動。」翻譯：These receptors are nerve endings that discharge impulses according to the extent of stretch in the wall of the vessels in which they are imbedded.分析：原文雖然不是太長'但如果按照中文結構去譯'就顯得很幼稚。因此'就應使用英語中的各個關聯詞及關聯結構。本句中採用的是定語分譯法'即用一個主句帶上一個定語從句'該定語從句又帶上它自己的定語從句'這不僅符合英文習慣'而且邏輯性很強。整個譯文層次明晰、流暢自然。以上是筆者在工作中的一些探索'希望能對進行醫學論文英語摘要寫作的醫務工作者有所啟發。
[參考文獻]
[1]HAYNES R B.More informative abstracts revisited[J].Am Intern Med'1990'113:6976.
[2]PENROSE A M'KATZ S B. Writing in the Sciences [M]. New York：St. Martin?s Inc.'1998:123125.
[3]PICKETT N A'LASTER A A. Technical English [M]. New York：Harper Collins Publishers'1996:6568.
[4]陳宏薇. 新實用漢譯英教程[M] 武漢：湖北教育出版社'1996:102105.
D. 醫學論文摘要翻譯
Abstract: The purpose of the study of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, toxin-inced acute lung injury (ALI) rabbit model of protection. 2007-10/2008-01 experimental methods in all hospitals in the Tang Center for the completion of the laboratory. Healthy alt male rabbits, 20, of which 2 for the training culture of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), more than 18 were randomly divided into three groups: endotoxin (LPS)-inced ALI model group (LPS), saline In the control group (NS group), MSCs in the treatment group. LPS group, MSCs group using tracheal instillation endotoxic established rabbit model of acute lung injury, set up after the success of the model 30min, MSCs group of rabbits by injecting the right side of the jugular vein to give bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, LPS, and other groups to give Volume of normal saline, NS Group for more than two groups in accordance with the model, are given equal treatment to deal with normal saline, all animals to observe 48 hours after death, cell count board computing fluid in the lung cells of the total, the number of neutrophils , BCA method to calculate the total protein amount of seepage. HE left lung paraffin-embedded pathological changes were observed, said the lower left lung weight of wet and dry, wet and dry than the calculation. The results under: LPS group alveolar space and a large number of small airway inflammatory cell infiltration, edema and bleeding obvious. Alveolar clear thickening of the interval, MSCs group alveolar walls thin, only a small amount of inflammatory cells; statistical model of LPS group bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in the number of inflammatory cells, as well as the ratio of wet and dry lung tissue protein exudation Higher than the NS group was statistically significant (P <0.05); MSCs group than the NS group P> 0.05, no statistical significance. Conclusion MSCs through injury in the lung tissue of rabbits into a cell, thereby recing the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of inflammatory cells, the protein effusion, acute lung injury has a protective effect.
E. 醫學英語論文摘要——求範文一篇（英文原文+中文翻譯）
Objective To evaluate acute and long2term angiographic and clinical outcomes of long
stent or multiple overlapped stents (length ≥ 20 mm) implantation for diffuse atherosclerosis lesions in
octogenarians. Methods Long stent or multiple overlapped stents implantation was performed on 111
diffuse native coronary lesions ( Group O : 47 lesions in 44 octogenarians ; Group Y: 64 lesions in 58 patients
aged under 60) . Baseline demographic , lesion characteristic , angiographic and proceral details were
similar in these 2 groups. Six2month clinical and angiographic follow2up was completed in all cases. In2
hospital and long2term outcomes were evaluated. Results Procere success was 100 %for both groups.
None had in2hospital major adverse cardiac events (MACE) . There was no significant difference in
angiographic binary restenosis ( ≥50 % diameter stenosis) rate between the groups at follow2up ( Group O
vs. Group Y, 1218 % vs1 1019 % at 32month , 2918 % vs. 2616 % at 62month , P > 0105) . The rates of
target lesion revascularization and MACE at follow2up were less in Group Y, but it showed no statistical
significance (718 % vs. 1016 % and 816 % vs. 1114 % at 32month , 1516 % vs. 2314 % and 2017 % vs.
2510 % at 62month , respectively , P > 0105) . Conclusions Long stent implantation for diffuse lesions
in octogenarians appears safe and feasible , with high proceral success and favorable long2term outcomes.
F. 醫學論文摘要翻譯（英譯漢）
Unit to discuss the purpose of the summary of the pedicle bone graft in the prevention of young and middle-aged intracapsular femoral neck fracture caused by the type of femoral head necrosis the role of a retrospective analysis of the methods of Chinese medicine hospital in Hubei Province 2001.3 ~ 2007.5 treated young and middle-aged femoral neck fracture Case of 55 cases of type capsules were used hollow nail joint stock side pedicle bone grafting and hollow nailing alone, the patients were followed up in July to 7 years, an average of 3.6 years. Comparing the two projects, including pre-operative time, surgical time, the quality of rection, fracture healing rate, the rate of osteonecrosis of the femoral head, hip function. Joint operation results of the surgery a long time, preoperative preparations for a relatively short time, a joint operation reset the quality of surgery, the rate of healing, osteonecrosis of the femoral head were significantly better than the hollow nail group, hip joint function score is better than surgery alone Operation. The conclusions of the young and middle-aged patients with intracapsular femoral neck fracture type, select the hollow nail shares plus side muscle pedicle bone grafting effect is better than simply hollow fixation group
G. 醫學論文中文摘要翻譯成英文摘要，高分懸賞
療(percutaneous coronary intervention，PCI)是目前治療重症冠心病的主要手段之一，但即使是在葯物塗層支架內時代，術後再狹窄（容ISR)和心血管不良事件（MACE）發生率仍較高，成為影響遠期效果和預後的
我們幫寫的可以的 ·······
H. 醫學論文摘要翻譯成英文，大家幫幫忙，希望不要用翻譯軟體
【摘要】 目的：觀察促肝細胞生長素對重度燒傷所致肝臟損傷引起的酶學異常的臨床治療效果。 方法：對76名重度燒傷合並肝臟酶學異常的患者隨機分為治療組和對照組，每組38人。治療組：給予常規燒傷治療並靜脈滴注加入促肝細胞生長素80mg的5%葡萄糖注射液250ml，1次/d，連續治療10d。對照組僅給予常規燒傷治療。於治療前、治療後第5天、第10天抽取患者靜脈血，檢測血清丙氨酸氨基轉移酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸氨基轉移酶（AST）、γ 谷氨醯轉移酶(γ－GT）、鹼性磷酸酶(ALP）水平，並進行比較分析。結果： 治療組用葯前ALT、AST、γ－GT、 ALP水平分別為（153±51）（115±33）（160±43）（166±39）U/L，治療後檢驗結果分別為（41±9）（37±5）（33±7）（73±31）U/L，前後檢查結果比較差異有統計學意義（P＜0.05）。對照組治療前後檢查結果比較差異無統計學意義（P＞0.05）。兩組顯效率比較，差異有顯著性意義。結論：促肝細胞生長素對燒傷患者肝功能異常有明顯治療作用，對降低患者血清轉氨酶有一定的臨床意義。
【關鍵詞】 燒傷 促肝細胞生長素 酶學
I. 醫學論文 摘要中譯英
Abstract(摘要）:
There are various kinds of medicines of decreasing triglyceride and cholesterol of plasma.It is difficult to classify them because of their variety.According to the function,they usually are divided into four types:to decrease total cholesterol,mainly decrease cholesterol with secondary triglyceride,total triglyceride and mainly decrease triglyceride with secondary cholesterol.
Generally speaking,it can prevent cholic acid or cholesterol to be absorbed through enteric canal and promote them to be ejected by excrement.Besides,it can also restrain the internal combining of cholesterol,or accelerate its transformation,LDL receptor of periplasts and the decomposition of lipoprotein.And it can activate lipoprotein and metabolic enzymes,promote hydrolyzation of triglycercide,resist other lipids' combining or promote the metabolism.
At present,the antilipemic are mainly composed of the following: cholic acid chelating agent、HMG-CoA rectase inhibitor、niacin and its derivative、the Fibrates、Probucol、pantethine、elastase、Omega-3 fatty acid and others.
This paper indicates the antilipemic's current research development,including the following aspects:
Sums up the new research viewpoints and methods about the antilipemic and states the method of administration and curative mechanism of lovastatin、isoflavone、enteromorpha polysaccharide，etc.Then analyzes the concret solution and compares various medicines by ince blood fat's proction.With unceasing practice and comparison, we've proved that a great progress has been made in research of modern antilipemic and there are more effective treatment protocols anyway.
Key Words（關鍵詞）：
antilipemic；triglycercide；lipoproteins；niacin；isoflavone
可完了~N多專業術語 呵呵 我也學了好多呢 祝論文順利過關！
J. 求翻譯一段醫學論文摘要，急！
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Purpose: "from cesarean section non-medical indications factors was analyzed, reasonable measures of recing cesarean section rate"
Methods: retrospective analysis, collected by our February 2007 until 2010 October inpatient delivery puerpera 560 patients, statistical analysis for non-medical indications factors executes cesarean section proportion
Results: the total cesarean section, including pathological factors 37 cases, accounting for 73 cases 19.7, social factors 241 example, 65%, iatrogenic factors 56 patients, 15%
Conclusion: non-medical indications factors in pregnancy.laboratory indications has accounted for first place, only from multiple levels of doctor-patient the parties and, through the joint efforts of the whole society, reasonable grasp cesarean section indications, can very well to rece cesarean section rate
Keywords: cesarean section indications, Reced, Cesarean section rate
Paper type: applied research